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About Boca Grande
Boca Grande is an unincorporated village located on Gasparilla Island.
Boca Grande is located on Gasparilla Island on Southwest Florida's
gulf coast. It is roughly midway between Ft. Myers to the south and Sarasota
to the north. The northern third of the seven-mile long island is in Charlotte
County and the southern two thirds of the island is in Lee County.
The name Boca Grande means "big mouth," in Spanish, referring to
the deep Boca Grande Pass which separates Gasparilla Island from Cayo
Costa Island (State Park), and Charlotte Harbor from the Gulf of Mexico.
Boca Grande Pass is one of Florida's deepest natural inlets and is world
famous for its tarpon fishing tournaments in the pass.
Gasparilla Island is one of a string of barrier islands that skirt the southwest
coast of Florida. It is connected to the mainland via a toll bridge and a
1.9 mile long causeway. The toll is $3.50 and a toll card can be purchased
with prepaid amounts of $1.75 per trip.
Boca Grande is pronounced "BO-ka grand." The "Grande" rhymes with
"sand." The "e" on the end of Grande is silent.
Gasparilla Island's first inhabitants were the Calusa Indians. They were
living on nearby Useppa Island by 5,000 B.C. and on Gasparilla Island by
800 or 900 A.D. Charlotte Harbor was the center of the Calusa Empire,
which numbered thousands of people and hundreds of fishing villages.
The Calusa were a hunting and fishing people who perfected the art of
maritime living in harmony with the environment. They were a politically
powerful people, dominating Southwest Florida during their "golden age."
Since the Calusa had no written language, the only record we have of their
lifestyle and ceremonies comes from the oral history of the (much later)
Seminoles, from written accounts of Spanish explorers, and from the
archaeological record. The first contact the Calusas had with the white
man came during Spanish explorations at the beginning of the 16th
century. By the mid 1700s the Calusas had all but disappeared, the
victims of European diseases, slavery and warfare.
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Early Settlers Were Fishermen
Just like the Indians, the earliest settlers came to Gasparilla Island to fish.
By the late 1870s several fish ranches were operating in the Charlotte Harbor
area. One of them would later be at the north end of Gasparilla Island in the
small village called Gasparilla. The fishermen, many of them Spanish or
Cuban, caught huge catches of mullet and other fish and salted them down
for shipment to Havana and other markets. In the 1940s the Gasparilla Fishery
was moved to Placida across the bay, where it still stands today, and the
fishing village died out. Today, many of Boca Grande's early fishing families
are still represented in third, fourth and even fifth generation descendants who
pursue many different vocations, including fishing.
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Phosphate and Tarpon put Boca Grande on the Map
In 1885 phosphate rock was discovered on the banks of the Peace
River just above Punta Gorda, east of Gasparilla Island across Charlotte
Harbor. It was this discovery that would turn the south end of Gasparilla
Island into a major deep water port (Boca Grande Pass is one of the
deepest natural inlets in Florida) and become responsible for the
development of the town of Boca Grande. Wealthy American and
British sportsmen began discovering the Charlotte Harbor area for its
fantastic fishing (notably for the world class game fish tarpon) and
hunting. It was these two discoveries - phosphate rock and fishing
that would put Boca Grande "on the map."
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Phosphate was a valuable mineral for fertilizers and many other products,
and was in great demand worldwide. At first the phosphate was barged
down the Peace River to Port Boca Grande, where it was loaded onto
schooners for worldwide shipment. But by 1905 it was felt that building
a railroad to Port Boca Grande and carrying the phosphate to it by rail
should improve the method of shipment.
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1905 officials of the Agrico subsidiary Peace River Mining Company, along
with engineers from the US Engineering Corps and 60 laborers, landed on
Gasparilla Island and surveying and construction of the railroad began.
Probably the only buildings on the island at this time were the lighthouse
and the assistant keeper's house at the extreme southern tip of the island.
The railroad terminus with its 1,000-foot long pier would be built nearby. The
Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railroad was completed in 1907. For the
next 50 years phosphate would be shipped out of the state-of-the-art port
virtually without disruption. Phosphate laden trains were off loaded directly
onto ocean going freighters, and the ships took the valuable commodity to
ports all over the world. In 1969 Port Boca Grande ranked as the fourth
busiest port in Florida.
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In the 1970s phosphate companies increasingly switched their interest to
ports in Tampa and Manatee County. As more money was put into developing
these ports, traffic into Port Boca Grande began to dwindle, and in 1979 the
line was abandoned and the phosphate industry in Boca Grande came to an
end. Today the oil tanks have been removed on the southern tip of the island
and the area is being restored to its natural state.
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The Railroad was Boca Grande's Link to the World
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The Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railroad not only brought phosphate and supplies to Gasparilla Island; it also brought wealthy people from the north. By 1910 Boca Grande Pass was already famous for its unequaled tarpon fishing among fishermen, who stayed on nearby Useppa Island. The Agrico Company, having begun to see the potential of the idea of developing Gasparilla Island beyond the port, began to develop the village of Boca Grande.
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The railroad station in what would become downtown was built; roads,
sidewalks, streetlights, shops, a post office, and water and telephone
service were not far behind. The town was landscaped, including the
famous section of Second Street called Banyan Street. The railroad
company built several cottages downtown and a few wealthy families
from "up north" purchased land and built winter residences. The train
stopped at Gasparilla, the fishing village at the north end of the island,
at the railroad depot in downtown Boca Grande, and at the south end
phosphate terminal.
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In 1929 the Boca Grande Hotel was built just south of downtown Boca
Grande. It was a three-story, brick resort hotel where most of the island
weathered the hurricane of 1944. The Boca Grande Hotel changed hands
and was demolished in 1975. It took six months to raze the building by
means of fire and the wrecking ball, as it had been built to withstand fire
and great storms.
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The railroad continued to bring the grand visitors from all along the eastern
seaboard until the Boca Grande Causeway opened in 1958. The depot was
restored in the 1970s and a number of shops, offices and a restaurant now
occupy the old building. The railroad continued to run work trains to the south
end until the phosphate port closed in 1979. The Gasparilla Island Conservation
and Improvement Association transformed the old bed of the railroad into a new
use, Boca Grande's popular Bike Path. Boca Grande has become a unique
community, with a large number of wealthy winter residents rubbing elbows
with the fishermen and railroad and port workers who formed the permanent,
year-round working class of the island.
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